Review article | Open Access
International Journal of Excellent Leadership 2025, Vol. 5(2) 52-61
Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning and Teaching: A Review of Applications, Benefits, and Challenges
pp. 52 - 61
Publish Date: December 31, 2025 | Single/Total View: 2/1 | Single/Total Download: 2/1
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of language learning and teaching. Building on decades of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), contemporary AI technologies such as natural language processing, machine learning, automated speech recognition and large language models are enabling more adaptive, interactive and data-rich learning environments than were previously possible. Drawing on recent systematic reviews, bibliometric analyses and empirical studies, this article synthesizes evidence on how AI supports language learners through intelligent tutoring systems, conversational agents, automated feedback on writing and speech, adaptive learning platforms and immersive AR/VR environments. It also examines how AI assists teachers with assessment, content creation and learning analytics. Reported benefits include greater personalization, increased opportunities for low-anxiety practice, more frequent and fine-grained feedback, and gains in motivation and engagement. At the same time, the review highlights major challenges and ethical concerns around algorithmic bias, data privacy, digital inequality, over-reliance on automation, teacher readiness and the limits of AI’s contextual understanding. The article argues that AI is most productive when framed as an augmenting partner rather than a replacement for human educators and concludes with recommendations for responsible integration and future research.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence in language education, Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), Intelligent tutoring and adaptive practice, Conversational agents and chatbots, Automated feedback and learning analytics.
APA 7th edition
BASARAN, S. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning and Teaching: A Review of Applications, Benefits, and Challenges. International Journal of Excellent Leadership, 5(2), 52-61.
Harvard
BASARAN, S. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning and Teaching: A Review of Applications, Benefits, and Challenges. International Journal of Excellent Leadership, 5(2), pp. 52-61.
Chicago 16th edition
BASARAN, Suleyman (2025). "Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning and Teaching: A Review of Applications, Benefits, and Challenges". International Journal of Excellent Leadership 5 (2):52-61.
Ajmal, A., Aslam, S., Yousaf, M. S., & Raza, M. A. (2025). Using ChatGPT to enhance ESL writing skills in Pakistani higher education. International Journal of Social Sciences Bulletin, 3(3), 666–673. https://ijssbulletin.com/index.php/IJSSB/article/view/535
Alyaz, Y., Demiryay, N. (2023). Yabancı dil öğrenimi ve öğretiminde sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları. Diyalog, 11(1), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.37583/diyalog.1312776
Hockly, N. (2023). Artificial intelligence in English language teaching: The good, the bad and the ugly. RELC Journal, 54(2), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231168504
Huang, W., Hew, K. F., & Fryer, L. K. (2022). Chatbots for language learning—Are they really useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12610
Huang, X., Zou, D., Cheng, G., Chen, X., & Xie, H. (2023). Trends, research issues and applications of artificial intelligence in language education. Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 112–131. https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202301_26(1).0009
Hung, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-T., Yu, S.-J., & Sun, J. C.-Y. (2023). Effects of AR- and VR-based wearables in teaching English: The application of an ARCS model-based learning design to improve elementary school students’ learning motivation and performance. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 39(5), 1510–1527. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12814
Ivanova, M., Grosseck, G., & Holotescu, C. (2024). Unveiling insights: A bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in teaching. Informatics, 11(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11010010
Jiang, M. Y. C., Jong, M. S. Y., Lau, W. W. F., Chai, C. S., & Wu, N. (2023). Exploring the effects of automatic speech recognition technology on oral accuracy and fluency in a flipped classroom. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 39(1), 125-140.
Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023a). ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. RELC Journal, 54(2), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231162868
Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023b). Exploring generative artificial intelligence preparedness among university language instructors: A case study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100156
Legault, J., Zhao, J., Chi, Y.-A., Chen, W., Klippel, A., & Li, P. (2019). Immersive virtual reality as an effective tool for second language vocabulary learning. Languages, 4(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4010013
Liang, J.-C., Hwang, G.-J., Chen, M.-R. A., & Darmawansah, D. (2023). Roles and research foci of artificial intelligence in language education: An integrated bibliographic analysis and systematic review approach. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(7), 4270–4296. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1958348
Martin, F., Chen, Y., Moore, R. L., & Westine, C. D. (2020). Systematic review of adaptive learning research designs, context, strategies, and technologies from 2009 to 2018. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 1903-1929.
Sari, E., & Han, T. (2024). The impact of automated writing evaluation on English as a foreign language learners' writing self-efficacy, self-regulation, anxiety, and performance. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 40(5), 2065–2080. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.13004
UNESCO. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: Guidance for policy-makers. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000376709
Wei, P., Wang, X., & Dong, H. (2023). The impact of automated writing evaluation on second language writing skills of Chinese EFL learners: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1249991. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249991
Yıldız, H. & Gonen, İ. K., (2024). Automated writing evaluation system for writing in online learning environments. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 24(3), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1169727
Zhu, L., & Wang, T. (2025). A systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in language education: Current status and future implications. Language Learning & Technology, 29(1), 1–26. https://www.lltjournal.org
